01.State is a political organization with a monopoly on the legitimate use of force within a defined territory. On the other hand, Society in a group of people living together in a particular place or time. 02. State composed of four essential eleme…

The statement that state is abstract but the government is concrete" reflects a common conceptual distinction in political and governance theory. 01.State as Abstract: The state is a concept an idea or a name used to denote a community of pers…

Historical or evolutionary theory is also known as sociological or the correct theory of the origin of the state. It explains the state is the product of growth, a show and steady evolution, extending over a long period of time and ultimately shapin…

01.Legal rights are granted and enforced by the legal system of a society or state. Moral rights are based on ethical principles and beliefs about what is morality right or wrong. 02.Legal rights are enforceable through the legal system. Moral right…

Social contract theory: The social contract theory one of the theories of the origin of the state. According to this theory, the state is not created by God it come into existence out of a contract between the people and the sovereign.  According to…

Divine origin theory is the oldest theory about the origin of the state. It is also known as the theory of divine right of Kings. The theory explain about how the state came into being. The supporters of this theory believed that the state doesn'…

Organization is crucial for both the state and society, but their contexts and purposes differ. In the case of the state, organization ensures expert governance, law enforcement and the provision of public services. It helps maintain order, manage r…

*Essential element of the state:-   There are four essential elements of  the state. Such as Population, Territory ,Government, Sovereignty. 01.Population: Population refers to the total number of individuals living in a specific geographic area or…

01. The state has four elements like population, territory, government and sovereignty. Government is a narrow concept. It is only one element of the state. 02. The state is more permanent and continues from time immemorial. But the government is te…

There are some differences between fundamental rights and human rights. Such as : 01. The basic rights of the citizens of a country, which are mentioned in the constitution and enforceable under the law is known as fundamental rights. On the other h…

*Res:  In Roman law res signifies things or property. It includes not merely physical things but also abstract rights such as servitude and dominium. *Classifications of Res:   Res have been classified in the following ways : 1.Res corporales and re…

* The ancient Roman law was no script. The Roman tried to learn those unwritten laws as divine laws from men to men. In the history of Rome twelve table was the first a written form of laws. That twelve was published in the republican period. Some…

*According to the economic and social status, the Roman people were classified into Four. Such as the Patricians, the Plebeians, the Clients, the Slaves . 01.The Patricians:   The patricians were wealthy and aristocratic community of ancient Rome…

* Writ: Writ is a legal document issued by a court or other judicial authority, directing a person to do or refrain from doing a certain action. Writs can be used for various purposes, such as enforcing a judgment or protecting a person's rig…

*Ordinary Jurisdiction: Jurisdiction conferred on the HCD by any ordinary law is its ordinary jurisdiction which may be of following types. 01.Original Jurisdiction: Original jurisdiction of the HCD means that Jurisdiction whereby it can take a …

Legislation Introduction : The last agency of the development of law is legislation. In Roman history we find that laws were passed by the popular assemblies, the senate senate and the Emperors. There were four legislative assembly in ancient Rom…

Method of voting in comitia curiata:- The method of voting in the comitia curiata was not by individuals but by curiae. That means each curiae had one vote only. Member of curiae does not keep any impact, on the number of votes. The method of voting…

Sources of Roman law: 1. Leges regiae (The law of the King) 2. Customs of Antiquity  3. Legislation.   There were four legislative body in ancient Rome. Such as  (a) Comitia Curiata  (b) Comitia Centuriata  (c) Comitia Tributa  (d) Concilium Plebis …